Octavius Caesar - Character Analysis

How does a 'peevish schoolboy' evolve into one of Rome’s greatest leaders? Octavius Caesar, the heir to Julius Caesar, may seem unassuming at first, but his journey in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar proves otherwise.

In this analysis, tailored for ICSE students, we’ll dive deep into Octavius’s transformation—his leadership, resilience, and moral dilemmas. By the end, you’ll see why he is far more than just a supporting character.

Let’s trace the rise of a leader destined to define an empire.

1. Octavius Caesar—Julius Caesar’s Legal Heir

Octavius Caesar, Julius Caesar's legal heir and the grandson of his sister, became one of the triumvirs alongside Mark Antony and Lepidus after Caesar’s death.

At the time of his assassination, he was studying in Apollonia. Upon receiving the news of Caesar’s death, he adopted Caesar’s name and hurried back to Rome when he was just 20 years old.

2. Octavius’ Role in Julius Caesar: Small but Significant

Though Octavius appears only in the final acts of Julius Caesar, his role is anything but insignificant. As the plot reaches its climax, he steps forward as a young yet determined figure, proving himself worthy of succeeding Julius Caesar.

Even though Antony calls him “young Octavius” and Cassius dismisses him as a “peevish schoolboy”, Octavius proves himself to be the right successor of Julius Caesar. Despite his youth, he carries himself with dignity and great intelligence exhibiting excellent leadership skills and emerging as the key figure in the play's resolution.

3. Octavius Caesar’s Leadership and Will

Octavius’s awareness of his legacy as Caesar’s heir fuels his unyielding determination. This imperious will, evident in both his words and actions, sets him apart from the other triumvirs and shapes his rise to power.

His character may be termed brash by his critics or positively assertive by his supporters. Being calm, serene, and resolute he exhibits an imperious will, hesitating not to be afraid to assert his demands. As both the inheritor of Caesar’s name and one of the triumvirs, he is conscious of his power and legacy.

He challenges Antony on the fields of Philippi and demands the execution of Lepidus’s brother during the proscription. When Antony questions his critical timing, he replies “I do not cross you but I will do so”, a firm yet polite assertion of his independence. This response shows how firm he can be. It also reveals his ability to become great once he frees himself from Antony’s influence and asserts his authority.

4. Leadership Qualities

On the battlefield of Philippi, Octavius demonstrates remarkable leadership by putting an end to the futile parley between generals. His bold challenge to the conspirators reflects not just youthful determination but also the strategic mindset of a true leader.

This may display the brashness of youth but it also displays the leadership and sense of purpose. His decisive actions signal the dawning of a new era for Rome in shaping the future of the empire.

5. Self-Restrained

Unlike the fiery passion often associated with youth, Octavius displays remarkable restraint and composure. His quiet demeanour conceals an inner strength, reflecting a focus and discipline well beyond his years. He prefers to listen rather than to talk.

This silence is not born out of inhibitions or lack of confidence but rather a reflection of inner strength and focused energy. Every word that Octavius utters is decisive. He dismisses suggestions and expects obedience desirable for a person destined to govern a state.

An example of how he asserts himself even in small matters is evident when the triumvirs discuss the proscription:

Octavius: Your brother too must die. Consent you, Lepidus?

Lepidus: I do consent.

Octavius: Prick him down, Antony.

6. Bravery

While some characters in Julius Caesar boast openly of their bravery, Octavius chooses a quieter path. His courage lies not in grand displays but in his steady resolve and unwavering commitment to avenging Caesar’s death Instead, he hides his courage behind a calm and composed exterior. His inner bravery is demonstrated in his declaration against the conspirators.

I draw a sword against the conspirators;

When think you that the sword goes up again?

Never till Caesar's three and thirty wounds

Re well aveng’d; or till another Caesar

Have added slaughter to the sword of traitors.

7. Future head of Rome

As the play progresses, it becomes increasingly clear that Octavius is destined for greatness. His natural leadership abilities and confidence in asserting his will pave the way for him to become the head of the Roman Empire.

He is most at ease when in control, confidently imposing his will on others. He finds no need to consult Antony on every affair of the state and is even willing to challenge him when necessary.

He, being aware of the status that he is the heir apparent to the great Julius Caesar, understands it's just a matter of time before the responsibility and power that once belonged to Caesar will pass to him.

As we conclude this analysis, we can determine that Octavius' character arc in Julius Caesar reveals a man capable of rising above personal rivalries and political intrigue ultimately to consolidate power and begin a new era of Rome shaping the future of the empire.